Country-Specific Articles: A-M

Algeria:

• “Putting dissent on hold, Anne Wolf, Good Governance Africa, May 2013. {GGA}
• “A Look At Algeria’s Internet, And The Government That’s Too Scared To Shut It Down,” Motherboard.tv, Feb 15, 2011. {motherboard.tv}
• “A review of the ICT sector in Algeria,” MAP-IT! Review Meeting & INESCO, Mar 5, 2008. {Google}
• “Internet Penetration and Infrastructure,” eBusinessForum, Sept 2001. {ebusinessforum.com}

Angola:

• “ANGOLA 2011-2015 Country Strategy Paper & 2010 Country Portfolio Performance Review,” AfDB, Jan 2011. {AfDb}
• “Nova lei sobre a “TIC” é inconstitucional diz jurista Mihaela Webba,” Club-K, Apr 8, 2011. {club-k.net}
• “Internet Development in Angola,” Almada & Cogle, 2006. {nsrc.org}

Benin:

• “1er Forum National sur la Gouvernance de l’Internet au Bénin (BIGF) Communiqué final, Benin MCTIC, Sept 27, 2012 {WAIGF}
• “Atelier IGL Benin 2012 Compte Rendu Final,”, ISOC & IGL Benin, Sept 2012. {Scribd}
• “Etude de faisabilité de BENIX Point d’Echanges Internet du Bénin,” Mouhamet Diop, NEXT SA, Apr 11, 2012 {Gouv.bj}
• “Benin ICT Sector Performance Review 2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 18, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “Internet and e-commerce industry in Benin”, allWestAfrica, Sept 14, 2010. {allwestafrica.com}
• “Le Benin et l’Afrique dans la societe de l’information,” Iafric, Last updated 2009. {iafric.net}

Botswana:

• “E-Government: Challenges and Opportunities in Botswana,” Nugi Nkwe, IJHSS, Vol. 2 No. 17; September 2012. {IJHSS}
• “Towards an Information Society in Botswana: ICT4D Country Report,” Balulwami Grand, Stephen M Mutula, Peter M. Sebina, Saul Zulu, 2010. {ngopulse.org}
• “Botswana Case Study: ALICT Consultation Workshop,” GESCI, 2009. {Google}

Burkina Faso:

• “En avant pour le Burkina 2.0,” Damien Glez, SlateAfrique, Nov 15, 2011. {slateafrique.com}
• “DIRECTION GERERALE DE LA COORDINATION DES PROGRAMMES DE DEVELOPPEMENT DES TIC,” WAIGF, Nov 2010. {waigf.org}
• “Cartoons in Burkina Faso Inform Locals About ICT,” iicd, Jun 2010. {iicd.org}
• “Burkina Faso ICT Sector Performance Review 2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 19, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “Quelques dates importantes de l’introduction de l’internet au Burkina Faso,” Onatel, 1998. (Web Archive) {web.archive.org}

Burundi:

• “The Internet Exchange Point Experience in Burundi,” 2012. {Docstoc}
• “Report on IGF Burundi,” Victor Ciza, July 2012. {EAIGF}
• “Burundi Presentation on the Ongoing Reforms/Projects,” Jérémie Hageringwe, ARCT, July 2012. {EAIGF}
• “Computer and Internet in Burundi II,” AfricaNews.com, Sept 13, 2007. {Africanews.com}

Cameroon:

• “Contribution conjointe sur le Cameroun présentée à la 16 e session du Groupe de travail du Conseil des droits de l’Homme chargé de l’Examen périodique universel,” PEN International, CPJ, ISF, Oct 2012. {Dropbox}
• “How Mobile technology has been used to create an impact in Cameroon,” Kelvin Murage, iHub Research, October 2012. {iHub}
• “ICT Hubs Model: Understanding the Factors that make up Activspaces Model in Cameroon,” Hilda Moraa and Kelvin Murage, iHub Research, August 2012. {iHub}
• “African Internet Standards Forum Remote Hub Cameroon,” ENSPT, May 12, 2012. {ISOC}
• “Girls in rural Cameroon talk about ICTs,” Linda Raftree, Feb 22, 2011. {lindaraftree.wordpress.com}
• “Chapter 4: Cameroon,” Oliver Nana Nzepa and Robertine Tankeu Keutchankeu, Towards an African e-Index, 2005. {share4dev.info}
• “Internet Development in Africa: The Case of Cameroon,” Lot Tcheeko, 1996. {isoc.org}

Cape Verde:

• “The Internet in a Lusophone LDC: Cape Verde Case Study,” Evora-Sagna, Gray, and Minges, Nov 2002. {itu.int}

Congo-Brazzaville:

• “Becoming an ICT hub for Central Africa,” China Daily, June 29, 2012. {China Daily}
• “Challenges in Implementing a NICT Plan in the Congo,” Sylvester Ngoma, Congo Vision, 2009. {congovision.com}
• “NGOs and ICTs use in Republic of Congo,” Sylvie Niombo Ngoueme, May 2003. {share4dev.info}

Cote d’Ivoire:

• “ICT and Telecom Sector in Côte d’Ivoire: Analysis of Telecom and ICT Sector,” Marcopolis.net, Feb 27, 2012. {Marcopolis}
• “Telecommunications in Côte d’Ivoire: Story of Orange Côte d’Ivoire,” Marcopolis.net, Jan 2, 2012. {Marcopolis}
• “Jeunesse, TIC et emploi en Côte d’Ivoire,” le blog d’Akendewa, Nov 30, 2011. {blog.akendewa.org}
• “ICT Sector Côte d’Ivoire,” Interview with H.E. Bruno Nabagné Kone, Minister of Post and ICT of Côte d’Ivoire, Marcopolis.net, Nov 10, 2011. {Marcopolis}
• “Côte d’Ivoire ICT Sector Performance Review 2009/2010,” Research ICT Africa, Vol 2 Paper 15, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}

Dem. Rep. of the Congo:

• “How Internet and Mobile Help Journalists in the Democratic Republic of Congo,” Marie-Soleil Frere, Open Society Foundations, Apr 22, 2013. {OSF}
• “The story of Africa mobile operators – Telecel Zaire,” Mutumwa Mawere, NewsDay, Aug 7, 2012. {NewsDay}
• “Will Vodacom survive in Congo with the entrance of France Telecom?” Telecom Lead, Jul 22, 2011. {Telecom Lead}
• “Democratic Republic of the Congo: Two sides of the same ICT coin – breaking the silence/breaking the laws,” Mavic Cabrera-Balleza, Jul 28, 2010. {genderit.org}

Djibouti:

• “Djibouti Telecom: A gateway to the world,” Will Daynes, BusinessExcellence, May 1, 2013. {BusinessExcellence}

Egypt:

• “Protest at the speed of light: social networking the revolution,” Roberto Jorquera, Links, May 8, 2013. {Links.org}
• “A Look at Egypt’s ICT Sector: Growth, Strategy, and Impact on Startups,” Mohamed Salah, Wamda, Apr 25, 2013. {Wamda}
• “Expanding technology infrastructure,” Oxford Business Group, Apr 24, 2013. {OBG}
• “Egypt’s Internet Future,” bcg.perspectives, Boston Consulting Group, Dec 20, 2012. {bcg.perspectives}
• “The Middle East and North Africa telecoms market: trends and forecasts 2012–2017,” Analysys Mason, Oct 2012, pg 44. {Analysys Mason}
• “Nile IT Newsletter Issue 1 July 2012,” MCIT, Jul 2012. {MCIT}
• “YouTube Audience Measurement Egypt, Think with Google, Jul 2012. {Google}
• “Egypt’s Internet entrepreneurs: Resilient despite difficulties,” Mohamed El Dahshan, Egypt Independent, Apr 1, 2010. {egyptindependent.com}
• “Internet on the Nile: Egypt Case Study,” Kelly and Girardet, March 2001. {itu.int}
• “Profiling Internet Users in Egypt: Understanding the Primary Deterrent Against Their Growth in Number,” Mohamed El-Nawawy, InTouch Communication Services, SAE {isoc.org}
• “Equatorial Guinea: The rebirth of a nation,” Universal News for Foreign Policy, 2010. {foreignpolicy.com}
• “The iPhones of Equatorial Guinea, Fortune Tech, Feb 2, 2008. {tech.fortune.cnn.com}

Equatorial Guinea:

• “Few, but Strong Virtual Voices,” Ana Lúcia Sá, GlobalVoices, Apr 15, 2011. {GlobalVoices}

Eritrea:

• “Internet Penetration in Eritrea close to African average”, Jun 1, 2009. {capitaleritrea.com}
• “An Optimal Eritrean Internet,” Eritrea Technical Exchange, 1999. {Ephrem.org}

Ethiopia:

• “Toeing the party line,” Africa Confidential, Apr 12, 2013. {Africa Confidential}
• “The effective role of e-government in combating corruption,” Abebe Chekol, GISWatch, 2012. {GISWatch}
• “A list of blocked sites in Ethiopia,” zelalemkibret.wordpress.com, 2012. {Google Doc}
• “Somalia has better Internet and mobile services than Ethiopia,” Dula Abdu, ECADF, Jan 2013. {ECADF}
• “Update on information controls in Ethiopia,” Irene Poetranto, OpenNet Initiative, Nov 1, 2012. {ONI}
• “Disconnected Ethiopian Netizens,” Markos Lemma, Digital Development Debates, Oct 2012. {DDD}
• “Ethiopia – draft Proclamation of Telecom Fraud Offences,” Government of Ethiopia, May 2012. {oAfrica}
• “Ethiopia ICT Sector Performance Review 2009/2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 9, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “Rethinking the global digital divide – Ethiopia, Africa, on my mind,” Oct 2009. {nazret.com}
• “The CyberEthiopia Initiative,” Kitaw Yayeh-Yirad, Jul 2004. {cyberethiopia.com}
• “Internet in Ethiopia”, Samuel Kinde, Feb 2001. {ethiopians.com}

Gabon:

• “Internet au Gabon: un outil de développement local?,” Melissa-Djenno-Ngoua, LEDNA, Apr 11, 2013. {LEDNA}

Gambia:

• “Report of the Gambian IG Forum 2010,” WAIGF, Nov 2010. {waigf.org}
• “Net News,” UNDP, 1999. {UN Gambia}

Ghana:

• “Who let all those Ghanaians on the Internet? Jenna Burrell on internet exclusion,” Ethan Zuckerman, Feb 12, 2013. {ethanzuckerman.com}
• “Mobile Internet Usage Field Survey: Ghana,” *iHub, November 2012. {*iHub Research}
• “Ghana going online: Internet as a human right?” Robin Pierro, Apr 22, 2011. {jhr.ca}
• “Internet Access in Ghana’s Volta Region,” Lillie, aroundtheworldl.com, Jan 21, 2012. {Around the World “L”}
• “Ghana ICT Sector Performance Review 2009/2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 8, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “Ghana Cyber Group,” 2005. {ghanacybergroup.com}
• “Expansion of the Internet Backbone in Ghana,” Network Computer Systems Accra, 1997. {isoc.org}

Guinea:

• “Radio E-Mail in West Africa,” LinuxJournal, Nov 1, 2002. {linuxjournal.com}
• “Telecommunication Infrastructure in Guinea,” Dec 1999. {American University via 404PF}

Kenya:

• “Striving to Become Africa’s First Silicon Valley: Comparing Kenya and Rwanda,” Michel Bezy, Mar 9, 2013. {Africa Oye}
• “Kenya ICT Board Monitoring and Evaluation Survey Results,” IDC East Africa, Feb 19, 2012. {Scribd}
• {The Agribusiness Hub}
• “The National Broadband Strategy for Kenya (Draft),” Ministry of Information and Communication, 2013. {CCK}
• “Mobile Usage at the Base of the Pyramid in Kenya,” iHub Research, Research Solutions Africa, infoDev, 2013. {infoDev}
• “Mobile Internet Usage Field Survey: Kenya,” *iHub, November 2012. {*iHub Research}
• “Internet Governance in Kenya – An Assessment for the Internet Society,” David Souter and Monica Kerretts-Makau, Internet Society, Sept 15, 2012. {ISOC}
• “How the Kenyan Base of the Pyramid uses their mobile phone,” Angela Crandall, iHub Research, October 2012. {iHub}
• “Sector Statistics Report – 4th Quarter 2011/2012,” Communications Commission of Kenya, Oct 2012. {CCK}
• “Mobile Retail in Kenya,” *iHub Nairobi, InMobi, Jul 2012. {iHub}
• “4G Upgrade Path Drives Backhaul Migration in Kenya,” Safaricom, Jul 2012. {Aviat Networks}
• “The Impact of ICT Hubs on African Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of iHub (Nairobi),” May 2012. {iHub}
• “Country Focus: Kenya’s State Of ICT,” Charlie Fripp, IT News Africa, May 17, 2012. {IT News Africa}
• “Kenya Technology, Innovation & Startup Report 2012: A Preview,” Afrinnovator, 2012. {Afrinnovator}
• “Open Data Kenya,” World Bank, Dec 2011. {Scribd}
• “Kenya Economic Update Edition No. 5,” World Bank, Dec 2011. {rich.co.ke}
• “Kenya Julisha ICT Market Survey 2011,” Kenya ICT Board, Nov 2011. {scribd.com}
• “Kenya Internet Service Providers – Who To Trust?” Chewy Chunks, Sept 2011. {Chewy Chunks}
• “Market ICT Indicator Survey Launch,” Aug 2011. {ict.go.ke}
• “Quarterly Sector Statistics Report,” Communications Commission of Kenya, Q1 2010/2011. {cck.go.ke}
• “Agriculture, Local Content & Indigenous Knowledge Workshop Report,” Enock O. Chiteri and Cleopa Timon Otieno For Kenya Network of Telecentres (KenTel), 2010. {share4dev.info}
• “Kenya National IGF,” EAIGF, 2010/2011. {eaigf.or.ke}
• “Kenya ICT Sector Performance Review 2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 10, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “20 Kenyan web and tech innovations worth watching,” Mark Kaigwa, Aug 4, 2010. {memeburn.com}
• “Information Literacy in Kenya,” Nov 18, 2009. {ejisdc.org}
• “Sega Silicon Valley,” Sega Silicon Valley. {share4dev.info}
• “2002 disappointments and achievements of the Internet industry,” Tom Kwanya, The Kenyan Netwatch, 2003. (Web Archive) {web.archive.org}

Lesotho:

• “Lesotho ICT Discussion Forum,” Nov 2006. {docstoc.com}
• “Case Study on the Impact of the Changing International Telecommunications Environment,” Clifford Chance & Booz, Hamilton, Allen, Inc., 1998. {itu.int}

Liberia:

• “Liberia’s elections map – one week on, with new features,” Ushahidi, Oct 18, 2011. {blog.ushahidi.com}
• “Best Practices for Liberia’s Internet Eco-System,” Google, Feb 2011. {google.org}
• “2010 In Retrospect: Progress Made in Liberia’s ICT Sector,” Darren Wilkins, Dec 29, 2010. {liberianobserver.com}
• “The Liberia Internet Governance Forum, Sep 2010. {waigf.org}
• “After Cell Phone, E-Commerce is the Next Technological Boom in Liberia,” Darren Wilkins, Jul 30, 2010. {theliberianjournal.com}
• “Africa’s Golden Opportunitiy,” Jenny Stefanotti, Oct 1, 2009. {developingjen.com}

Libya:

• “Update: As violence escalates, Libya cuts off the Internet,” Robert McMillan, Feb 18, 2011. {computerworld.com}
• “Showcase of ZTE Customized WiMAX Solution for Libya LTT,” ZTE Corp. {wimaxforum.org}

Madagascar:

• “Accessible advice,” Andrianjafy Rasoanindrainy, ICT Update no. 62, Oct. 2011. {ictupdate.cta.int}
• “ICT in Madagascar,” L. Andriamampianina, EuroAfrica-ICT, Dec 2010. {euroafrica-ict.org}

Malawi:

• “ICT for Sustainable Rural Development Telecenter Project,” Soustain Chigalul, May 29, 2006. {share4dev.info}

Mali:

• “Business Models to Increase Internet Access in Mali,” USAID, Sept 2010. {ictworks.org}
• “Chapter 3 – Timbuktu Telecentre, Mali,” IDRC, 2001. {idrc.org.sg}

Mauritania:

• “Yahya Galledou, directeur des réseaux de Mauritel: «…la Mauritanie grâce à l’atterrissement du câble sous-marin ACE, va assurer une plus grande sécurisation de l’accès à internet et de sa stabilisation»,” Noorinfo.com, Mar 31, 2013. {Noorinfo}
• “Case Study of the Changing International Telecommunications Environment”, ITU, Feb 1998. {itu.int}

Mauritius:

• “Mauritius is not a cyber island yet. Here’s why,” GeekScribes, Sep 30, 2011. {geekscribes.net}
• “The Fifth Pillar: The Republic of Mauritius ICT Case Study,” Minges, Gray and Tayob, Feb 2004. {itu.int}
• “In Mauritius, the silicon hills of Africa,” USA Today, Oct 28, 2002. {usatoday.com}

Morocco:

• “How to fight corruption with online tools: best practice from Morocco,” Tarik Nesh-Nash, Transparency International, May 8, 2013. {Transparency.org}
• “L’usage de l’internet au Maroc: Essai de mesure de la fracture numérique de second degré,” Samira Oukarfi, International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Vol. 2 No. 2 Feb. 2013, pp. 118-130. {ISSR}
• “The Use of the Internet by Social Movements in Morocco: Implications for Collective Action and Political Change,” Mohamed Ben Moussa, PhD thesis, Concordia University, 2011. {spectrum.library.concordia.ca}
• “Broadband in Morocco : Political Will Meets Socio-Economic Reality,” infoDev, Oct 2011. {infodev.org}
• “Internet and e-commerce industry in Morocco”, Ecommerce Journal, June 2010. {Friends of Morocco}
• “Telecommunication and IT Sector in Morocco: Assets & Prospects”, ANRT, 2008. {ABHATOO}

Mozambique:

• “AITEC Mozambique ICT Congress 2010,” AITEC, Oct 2010. {aitecafrica.com}
• “Mozambique ICT Sector Performance Review 2009/2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 16, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “Putting Cumbama on the Map”, lindaraftree.blogspot.com, Nov 2009.{lindaraftree.blogspot.com}
• “Inclusao Digital em Mocambique,” CIUEM, July 2009. {share4dev.info}
• “Mozambique,” ICTS and Higher Education in Africa, 2007. {share4dev.info}
• “Lessons Learned from Mozambique’s ICT Policy Progress”, Rowan, Marielle, Sept 2003. {crdi.ca}
• “Sustainable Development Networking Programme (SDNP) in Mozambique,” Massingue, Muchanga, Labelle, Jul 1995. {UNDP}